Secondary Sources

Armitage, Shelley. The Kewpies and Beyond: The World of Rose O’Neill. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1994.

Axe, John. Kewpies: Dolls & Art, With Value Guide. Grantsville, MD: Hobby House Press, 2001. http://archive.org/details/kewpiesdollsartw0002edaxej.

Cross, Gary. Kids’ Stuff: Toys and the Changing World of American Childhood. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1997.

Finnegan, Margaret. Selling Suffrage: Consumer Culture & Votes for Women. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999.

Formanek-Brunell, Miriam. Introduction to The Story of Rose O’Neill: An Autobiography, by Rose Cecil O’Neill, 1-20. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 1997.

Formanek-Brunell, Miriam. Made to Play House: Dolls and the Commercialization of American Girlhood 1830-1930. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993.

Goodman, Helen. “Women Illustrators of the Golden Age of American Illustration.” Woman’s Art Journal 8, no. 1 (1987): 13–22. https://doi.org/10.2307/1358335.

Gordon, Ian. Comic Strips and Consumer Culture: 1890 –1945. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1998.

Gordon, Ian. “Rose O'Neill's Kewpies and Early Transmedia Practices.” In Transmedia Practices in the Long Nineteenth Century, edited by Christina Meyer and Monika Pietrzak-Franger, 79-94. London: Routledge, 2022.

“History | Who We Are | Kewpie.” Accessed March 14, 2025. https://www.kewpie.com/en/company/about/history/.

Kennedy, Martha H. Drawn to Purpose: American Women Illustrators and Cartoonists. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, in association with the Library of Congress, 2018.

Rauterkus, Cathleen Nista. Go Get Mother's Picket Sign: Crossing Spheres With the Material Culture of Suffrage. United Kingdom: University Press of America, 2010.

Robbins, Trina. Pretty in Ink: North American Women Cartoonists, 1896–2013. Seattle, WA: Fantagraphics, 2013.

Sheppard, Alice. Cartooning for Suffrage. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1994.

Solomon, Adina. “The Prolific Illustrator Behind Kewpies Used Her Cartoons for Women’s Rights.” Smithsonian Magazine, March 15, 2018. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/prolific-illustrator-behind-kewpies-used-her-cartoons-womens-rights-180968497/.

Primary Sources

Adams, Mildred. “The World of Art: The ‘Kewpie’ Lady.” The Woman’s Journal, December 1925. Nineteenth Century Collections Online.

“Authoress-Artist Adds to Fame by New Doll.” Morning Oregonian, July 27, 1913. America’s Historical Newspapers.

“Dear Editor.” Woman’s Home Companion, December 1912. HathiTrust.

“Dear Editor.” Woman’s Home Companion, November 1913. HathiTrust.

“Easy to Make Money Says the Laugh Maker From Missouri.” The Sun (New York), July 12, 1914. Chronicling America.

“Headquarters for Suffragists Here.” Trenton Evening Times, August 17, 1915. America’s Historical Newspapers.

O’Neill, Rose. “Kewpie Korner.” Times-Picayune (New Orleans), January 3, 1918. America’s Historical Newspapers.

———. “Kewpie Korner.” St. Joseph Gazette, February 21, 1918. America’s Historical Newspapers.

———. “Kewpie Korner.” Times-Picayune (New Orleans), March 29, 1918. America’s Historical Newspapers.

———. “Kewpie Korner.” Times-Picayune (New Orleans), April 15, 1918. America’s Historical Newspapers.

———. “The Kewpies and Jim McGrew.” Woman’s Home Companion, April 1912. HathiTrust.

———. “The Kewpies and Samuel Gudge.” Good Housekeeping Magazine, September 1915. Home Economics Archive.

———. “The Kewpies and the Baby.” Ladies’ Home Journal, February 1910. ProQuest. 

———. “The Kewpies and the Circus.” Woman’s Home Companion, June 1912. HathiTrust.

———. “The Kewpies and the Little Browns.” Woman’s Home Companion, July 1912. HathiTrust.

———. “The Kewpies and the Poor Old Soul.” Woman’s Home Companion, August 1912. HathiTrust.

———. “The Kewpies Arrive.” Good Housekeeping Magazine, June 1914. ProQuest.

O’Neill, Rose Cecil. Suffrage Kewpies. February 20, 1915. Postcard. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. https://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/ppmsca.40504.

———. The Story of Rose O’Neill: An Autobiography. Edited by Miriam Formanek-Brunell. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 1997.

“Our Own Page.” Woman’s Home Companion, October 1912. HathiTrust.

Rose O’Neill Papers, 1863-1990 (SP0026). The State Historical Society of Missouri Research Center, Springfield, MO.

“Suffrage Shop for Atlantic City.” National American Woman Suffrage Association Headquarters Newsletter, August 15, 1916. Nineteenth Century Collections Online.

“The Kewpies and the Sensible Woman: Jell-O.” Ladies’ Home Journal, June 1915. Women’s Magazine Archive.

“’Way With Waistline, Saye ‘Kewpie Lady.’” The Tacoma Times, April 26, 1915. Chronicling America.

Yoder, Florence K. “Kewpie Doll, Latest ‘Sending,’ Makes The World Shake With Laughter.” The Washington Times, November 30, 1913. Chronicling America.

“Antique Kewpie Creamer, Blue Sky Child’s Porcelain Tea Set, Vintage Rose O’neill Transferware, Germany, White With Blue and Green, 1910s - Etsy.” Accessed March 5, 2025. https://www.etsy.com/listing/674362832/antique-kewpie-creamer-blue-sky-childs.

Boardwalk Concession. ca.  -1925 1918. Photograph. Santa Cruz County Historic Photograph Collection, Box 11, Folder 2. UC Santa Cruz Digital Collections. https://digitalcollections.library.ucsc.edu/records/qb98mh094.

“Cute Antique Japanese Postcards ~ Pink Tentacle.” Accessed March 19, 2025. https://pinktentacle.com/2011/01/cute-antique-japanese-postcards/.

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Käsebier, Gertrude. Rose O’Neill. ca 1907. Photograph, 8 x 10 in. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2006676258/.

Kewpie Doll Concession Prize. ca.  -1929 1915. Photograph. Santa Cruz County Historic Photograph Collection, Box 11, Folder 3. UC Santa Cruz Digital Collections. https://digitalcollections.library.ucsc.edu/records/rr171z807.

“Kewpie Dolls, Mochi & Mikan New Years’ Card, c. 1920. | Old Tokyo.” Accessed March 19, 2025. https://www.oldtokyo.com/kewpie-dolls-mochi-mikan-new-years-card-c-1920/#google_vignette.

“Kewpie Dolls Price Guide and Photo Gallery.” Accessed March 14, 2025. https://www.thesprucecrafts.com/kewpie-dolls-price-guide-photo-gallery-4121920.

Ladies’ Home Journal. “The Kewpies and the Sensible Woman: Jell-O.” June 1915. Women’s Magazine Archive.

Lillis Teshara and Man at Boardwalk Concession. September 9, 1919. Photograph. Santa Cruz County Historic Photograph Collection, Box 11, Folder 2. UC Santa Cruz Digital Collections. https://digitalcollections.library.ucsc.edu/records/9306t062g.

Morning Oregonian. “Authoress-Artist Adds to Fame by New Doll.” July 27, 1913. America’s Historical Newspapers.

NAWSA. Woman’s Century Calendar. 1900. Ann Lewis Women’s Suffrage Collection. https://lewissuffragecollection.omeka.net/items/show/939.

New-York Tribune. “A Pre-Parade Gathering of New York’s Woman Suffrage Workers.” October 24, 1915. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1915-10-24/ed-1/seq-47/.

O’Neill, Rose. Do I Get Your Vote? 1914. Postcard. Greenwich Historical Society. https://greenwichhistory.org/selling-suffrage/.

———. “Flying Kewpies.” Woman’s Home Companion, December 1913.

———. Give Mother the Vote, We Need It. ca 1915. Poster. Schlesinger Library, Harvard University. https://long19.radcliffe.harvard.edu/projects/exhibit_seeingcitizens/section_3/sub_1/.

———. “Kewpie Korner.” Times-Picayune, January 3, 1918. America’s Historical Newspapers.

———. “Kewpie Korner.” St. Joseph Gazette, February 21, 1918. America’s Historical Newspapers.

———. “Kewpie Korner.” Times-Picayune, March 29, 1918. America’s Historical Newspapers.

———. “The First of the Kewpie Kutouts.” Woman’s Home Companion, October 1912.

———. “The Kewpies and Jim McGrew.” Woman’s Home Companion, April 1912. HathiTrust.

———. “The Kewpies and Samuel Gudge.” Good Housekeeping Magazine, September 1915. Home Economics Archive.

———. “The Kewpies and the Baby.” Ladies’ Home Journal, February 1910. ProQuest.

———. “The Kewpies and the Circus.” Woman’s Home Companion, June 1912. HathiTrust.

———. “The Kewpies Arrive.” Good Housekeeping Magazine, June 1914. ProQuest.

———. “The Kewpies’ Christmas Frolic.” Ladies’ Home Journal, December 1909. ProQuest.

———. “The Old Subscriber Calls.” Truth, September 19, 1896.

———. “The Wealthy Kewpie and the Wealthy Child.” Ladies’ Home Journal, September 1913.

———. Votes for Our Mothers. 1915. Postcard. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. https://www.loc.gov/item/2011660535/.

———. Votes for Women: The Spirit of ’76. 1915. Postcard. Digital Public Library of America. https://dp.la/primary-source-sets/women-s-suffrage-the-campaign-for-the-nineteenth-amendment/sources/361.

O’Neill, Rose, and Jell-O Company. Jell-O and The Kewpies. Genesee Pure Food Co., 1915. https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015094334078?urlappend=%3Bseq=1.

PLASTICS. Kewpie Doll, 1913. March 4, 2004. Photo. https://www.flickr.com/photos/galessa/419468887/.

Rose O’Neill. “The Kewpies” Sunday Comic Strip. March 28, 1936. Comic Strip. Illustration Archive. Norman Rockwell Museum.

Rose O’Neill, 1917 Suffrage Parade, New York City. 1917. Photograph. Bonniebrook Historical Society.

“Sonny Angel - Official Site -.” Accessed March 19, 2025. https://www.sonnyangel.com/en/.

The Independent. “Whiting’s Kewpie Papers.” December 7, 1914. Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/independen79v80newy/page/382/mode/1up?view=theater.

The Springfield Daily News. “First Suffrage Grocery Store Does Rushing Business; Men Come to Rubber, Remain to Buy.” February 27, 1913. Newspapers.com.

The Tacoma Times. “’Way With Waistline, Saye ‘Kewpie Lady.’” April 26, 1915. Chronicling America.

Woman’s Home Companion. “Cover.” October 1912. Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/WomansHomeCompanion191210.

Woman’s Home Companion. “Kewpie Garter.” November 1913. HathiTrust.

“WW1 9k Gold Kewpie Charm – Butter Lane Antiques.” Accessed March 5, 2025. https://www.butterlaneantiques.com/products/ww1-9k-gold-kewpie-charm.